Orthographic
Asha'ille
[1] 6 Eyen'lle
[2] Ojo sirev sarn ne dajh?
[3] Sirev sarn ne ccat dajh.
[4] Sirev dajh ne chi'vaelesh so'Nat.
[5] Pas gyarov Nat Rab.
[6] Pas gyarov Rab vel'chifilei.
[7] 7 Eyen'lle
[8] Vae'inól cha'kén ne ssuli.
[9] Kén Rab ne ssuli.
[10] Ojo kénjaer ssuli ne Rab?
[11] Kénjaer ssuli ne dajh.
[12] Pas gyarov Rab vel'ssuli.
[13] 8 Eyen'lle
[14] Cha'kén ne eyoren!
[15] Jhor'no t'vae badhae.
[16] Jhor'eyoren t'vae isireyi.
[17] Jhor'eyoren t'so Nat, t'ves jhor'badhae t'so An.
[18] 9 Eyen'lle
[19] Cha'kén ne onár!
[20] Jhor'no t'onár so'Tam.
[21] Ojo virevjeith Tam ne onár seith?
[22] Virevkeith n'o.
[23] Pas gyarov dajh vel'onár, vet'gyarovpar no k'.
[24] 10 Eyen'lle — Do'llav
[25] Jhor'onár so'Tam t'ccat; jhor'dajh seith t'kre ccat.
[26] Jhor'Nat t'vae onár so'Tam.
[27] Virevkar dajh so'Nat ne nagá, eg Rab.
[28] Vae'inól cha'kén ne ssuli.
[29] Kén sarn ne ssuli.
[30] Virevkeith sarn n'o.
[31] Jhor'chifilei t'vae badhae; kén chifilei ne nagá.
[32] Jhor'hhe so'An t'vae isireyi.
[33] Sirev carnen ne eyoren.
[34] Pas gyarov dajh vel'carnen.
[35] Pas pithev An vel'inól.
English
[1] Lesson VI
[2] Has the lad a dog?
[3] The lad has a fat dog.
[4] The dog has Nat's cap.
[5] Nat and Rab ran.
[6] Rab ran at a cat.
[7] Lesson VII
[8] See the frog on a log.
[9] Rab sees the frog.
[10] Can the frog see Rab?
[11] The frog can see the dog.
[12] Rab ran at the frog.
[13] Lesson VIII
[14] See the lamp!
[15] It is on a mat.
[16] The mat is on the stand.
[17] The lamp is Nat's, and the mat is Ann's.
[18] Lesson IX
[19] See the nag!
[20] It is Tom's nag.
[21] Can Tom catch his nag?
[22] He cannot catch him.
[23] The dog ran at the nag, and the nag ran.
[24] Lesson X — Review
[25] Tom's nag is fat; his dog is not fat.
[26] Nat is on Tom's nag.
[27] Nat's dog, Rab, cannot catch the rat.
[28] See the frog on the log.
[29] A lad sees the frog.
[30] The lad cannot catch it.
[31] A cat is on the mat; the cat sees a rat.
[32] Ann's fan is on the stand.
[33] The man has a lamp.
[34] A dog ran at the man.
[35] Ann sat on a log.
Parts of Speech Legend
- adj
- adjective
- adv
- adverb
- conj
- conjunction
- cop
- copula
- mi
- modifier
- n
- noun
- part
- particle
- poss
-
- pro
- pro-form
- prop
- proper name
- prsn
- person
- tns
- tense
- v
- verb
Interlinear
| orthographic version |
| morphemic breakdown |
| IPA pronunciation |
| part of speech |
| English translation |
| [1] 6 |
Eyen'lle |
| ero |
eyen'lle |
| ˈɛɹo |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ |
| adj |
n |
| six |
lesson |
| [1] Lesson VI |
| Ojo |
sirev |
sarn |
ne |
dajh? |
| ojo |
sirev |
sarn |
ne |
dajh |
| ˈod͡ʒo |
sɪˈɹɛv |
sɑɹn |
nɛ |
dɑʒ |
|
v |
n |
mi |
n |
| Y/N |
have |
boy |
OBJ: |
dog |
| Has the lad a dog? |
| Sirev |
sarn |
ne |
ccat |
dajh. |
| sirev |
sarn |
ne |
ccat |
dajh |
| sɪˈɹɛv |
sɑɹn |
nɛ |
kə̆ˈkɑt |
dɑʒ |
| v |
n |
mi |
adj |
n |
| have |
boy |
OBJ: |
fat |
dog |
| The lad has a fat dog. |
| Sirev |
dajh |
ne |
chi'vaelesh |
so'Nat. |
| sirev |
dajh |
ne |
chi- |
vaelesh |
so- |
Nat |
| sɪˈɹɛv |
dɑʒ |
nɛ |
t͡ʃi |
ˈvelɛʃ |
so |
nɑt |
| v |
n |
mi |
adj |
n |
poss |
prop |
| have |
dog |
OBJ: |
DIM |
hat |
POSS: |
Nat |
| The dog has Nat's cap. |
| Pas |
gyarov |
Nat |
Rab. |
| pas |
gyarov |
Nat |
Rab |
| pɑs |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
nɑt |
ɹɑb |
| tns |
v |
prop |
prop |
| PST |
run |
Nat |
Rab |
| Nat and Rab ran. |
| Pas |
gyarov |
Rab |
vel'chifilei. |
| pas |
gyarov |
Rab |
vel |
chifilei |
| pɑs |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
ɹɑb |
vɛl |
t͡ʃɪˈfɪle |
| tns |
v |
prop |
adv |
n |
| PST |
run |
Rab |
TOWARD: |
housecat |
| Rab ran at a cat. |
| [7] 7 |
Eyen'lle |
| valn |
eyen'lle |
| vɑl̃ |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ |
| adj |
n |
| seven |
lesson |
| [7] Lesson VII |
| Vae'inól |
cha'kén |
ne |
ssuli. |
| vae |
inól |
cha- |
kénillev |
ne |
ssuli |
| ve |
ɪˈnol |
t͡ʃɑ |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
nɛ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
| adv |
n |
|
v |
mi |
n |
| WHERE: |
log |
IMP |
see |
OBJ: |
frog |
| See the frog on a log. |
| Kén |
Rab |
ne |
ssuli. |
| kénillev |
Rab |
ne |
ssuli |
| ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
ɹɑb |
nɛ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
| v |
prop |
mi |
n |
| see |
Rab |
OBJ: |
frog |
| Rab sees the frog. |
| Ojo |
kénjaer |
ssuli |
ne |
Rab? |
| ojo |
kénillev |
-j- |
-aer |
ssuli |
ne |
Rab |
| ˈod͡ʒo |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
d͡ʒ |
eɹ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
nɛ |
ɹɑb |
|
v |
part |
pro |
n |
mi |
prop |
| Y/N |
see |
able |
3SU |
frog |
OBJ: |
Rab |
| Can the frog see Rab? |
| Kénjaer |
ssuli |
ne |
dajh. |
| kénillev |
-j- |
-aer |
ssuli |
ne |
dajh |
| ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
d͡ʒ |
eɹ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
nɛ |
dɑʒ |
| v |
part |
pro |
n |
mi |
n |
| see |
able |
3SU |
frog |
OBJ: |
dog |
| The frog can see the dog. |
| Pas |
gyarov |
Rab |
vel'ssuli. |
| pas |
gyarov |
Rab |
vel |
ssuli |
| pɑs |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
ɹɑb |
vɛl |
sə̆ˈsuli |
| tns |
v |
prop |
adv |
n |
| PST |
run |
Rab |
TOWARD: |
frog |
| Rab ran at the frog. |
| [13] 8 |
Eyen'lle |
| lup |
eyen'lle |
| lup |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ |
| adj |
n |
| eight |
lesson |
| [13] Lesson VIII |
| Cha'kén |
ne |
eyoren! |
| cha- |
kénillev |
ne |
eyoren |
| t͡ʃɑ |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
nɛ |
ɛˈjoɹɛn |
|
v |
mi |
n |
| IMP |
see |
OBJ: |
source |
| See the lamp! |
| Jhor'no |
t'vae |
badhae. |
| jhor- |
no |
te |
vae |
badhae |
| ʒoɹ |
no |
tɛ |
ve |
bɑˈðe |
| cop |
n |
conj |
adv |
n |
| EQUIV: |
it |
and |
WHERE: |
mat |
| It is on a mat. |
| Jhor'eyoren |
t'vae |
isireyi. |
| jhor- |
eyoren |
te |
vae |
isireyi |
| ʒoɹ |
ɛˈjoɹɛn |
tɛ |
ve |
ɪsɪˈɹɛjɪ |
| cop |
n |
conj |
adv |
n |
| EQUIV: |
source |
and |
WHERE: |
stand |
| The mat is on the stand. |
| Jhor'eyoren |
t'so |
Nat, |
t'ves |
jhor'badhae |
t'so |
An. |
| jhor- |
eyoren |
te |
so- |
Nat |
te |
ves |
jhor- |
badhae |
te |
so- |
An |
| ʒoɹ |
ɛˈjoɹɛn |
tɛ |
so |
nɑt |
tɛ |
vɛs |
ʒoɹ |
bɑˈðe |
tɛ |
so |
ɑn |
| cop |
n |
conj |
poss |
prop |
conj |
adv |
cop |
n |
conj |
poss |
prop |
| EQUIV: |
source |
and |
POSS: |
Nat |
and |
WHILE: |
EQUIV: |
mat |
and |
POSS: |
Ann |
| The lamp is Nat's, and the mat is Ann's. |
| [18] 9 |
Eyen'lle |
| faes |
eyen'lle |
| fes |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ |
| adj |
n |
| nine |
lesson |
| [18] Lesson IX |
| Cha'kén |
ne |
onár! |
| cha- |
kénillev |
ne |
onár |
| t͡ʃɑ |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
nɛ |
oˈnɑɹ |
|
v |
mi |
n |
| IMP |
see |
OBJ: |
mare |
| See the nag! |
| Jhor'no |
t'onár |
so'Tam. |
| jhor- |
no |
te |
onár |
so- |
Tam |
| ʒoɹ |
no |
tɛ |
oˈnɑɹ |
so |
tɑm |
| cop |
n |
conj |
n |
poss |
prop |
| EQUIV: |
it |
and |
mare |
POSS: |
Tom |
| It is Tom's nag. |
| Ojo |
virevjeith |
Tam |
ne |
onár |
seith? |
| ojo |
virev |
-j- |
-eith |
Tam |
ne |
onár |
s- |
-eith |
| ˈod͡ʒo |
vɪˈɹɛv |
d͡ʒ |
eθ |
tɑm |
nɛ |
oˈnɑɹ |
s |
eθ |
|
v |
part |
prsn |
prop |
mi |
n |
poss |
prsn |
| Y/N |
catch |
able |
acq ring |
Tom |
OBJ: |
mare |
POSS: |
acq ring |
| Can Tom catch his nag? |
| Virevkeith |
n'o. |
| virev |
-k- |
-eith |
ne |
no |
| vɪˈɹɛv |
k |
eθ |
nɛ |
no |
| v |
part |
prsn |
mi |
n |
| catch |
unable |
acq ring |
OBJ: |
it |
| He cannot catch him. |
| Pas |
gyarov |
dajh |
vel'onár, |
vet'gyarovpar |
no |
k'. |
| pas |
gyarov |
dajh |
vel |
onár |
vet |
gyarov |
-p- |
-ar |
no |
ket |
| pɑs |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
dɑʒ |
vɛl |
oˈnɑɹ |
vɛt |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
p |
ɑɹ |
no |
kɛt |
| tns |
v |
n |
adv |
n |
adv |
v |
tns |
prsn |
n |
adv |
| PST |
run |
dog |
TOWARD: |
mare |
THEREFORE: |
run |
PST |
3SM |
it |
:THEREFORE |
| The dog ran at the nag, and the nag ran. |
| [24] 10 |
Eyen'lle |
— Do'llav |
| kron |
eyen'lle |
do'llav |
| kɹon |
ɛjɛnlə̆ˈlɛ |
dolə̆ˈlɑv |
| adj |
n |
v |
| ten |
lesson |
review |
| [24] Lesson X — Review |
| Jhor'onár |
so'Tam |
t'ccat; |
jhor'dajh |
seith |
t'kre |
ccat. |
| jhor- |
onár |
so- |
Tam |
te |
ccat |
jhor- |
dajh |
s- |
-eith |
te |
kre |
ccat |
| ʒoɹ |
oˈnɑɹ |
so |
tɑm |
tɛ |
kə̆ˈkɑt |
ʒoɹ |
dɑʒ |
s |
eθ |
tɛ |
kɹɛ |
kə̆ˈkɑt |
| cop |
n |
poss |
prop |
conj |
adj |
cop |
n |
poss |
prsn |
conj |
adj |
adj |
| EQUIV: |
mare |
POSS: |
Tom |
and |
fat |
EQUIV: |
dog |
POSS: |
acq ring |
and |
NEG: |
fat |
| Tom's nag is fat; his dog is not fat. |
| Jhor'Nat |
t'vae |
onár |
so'Tam. |
| jhor- |
Nat |
te |
vae |
onár |
so- |
Tam |
| ʒoɹ |
nɑt |
tɛ |
ve |
oˈnɑɹ |
so |
tɑm |
| cop |
prop |
conj |
adv |
n |
poss |
prop |
| EQUIV: |
Nat |
and |
WHERE: |
mare |
POSS: |
Tom |
| Nat is on Tom's nag. |
| Virevkar |
dajh |
so'Nat |
ne |
nagá, |
eg |
Rab. |
| virev |
-k- |
-ar |
dajh |
so- |
Nat |
ne |
nagá |
eg |
Rab |
| vɪˈɹɛv |
k |
ɑɹ |
dɑʒ |
so |
nɑt |
nɛ |
nɑˈɡɑ |
ɛɡ |
ɹɑb |
| v |
part |
prsn |
n |
poss |
prop |
mi |
n |
mi |
prop |
| catch |
unable |
3SM |
dog |
POSS: |
Nat |
OBJ: |
rat |
V: |
Rab |
| Nat's dog, Rab, cannot catch the rat. |
| Vae'inól |
cha'kén |
ne |
ssuli. |
| vae |
inól |
cha- |
kénillev |
ne |
ssuli |
| ve |
ɪˈnol |
t͡ʃɑ |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
nɛ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
| adv |
n |
|
v |
mi |
n |
| WHERE: |
log |
IMP |
see |
OBJ: |
frog |
| See the frog on the log. |
| Kén |
sarn |
ne |
ssuli. |
| kénillev |
sarn |
ne |
ssuli |
| ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
sɑɹn |
nɛ |
sə̆ˈsuli |
| v |
n |
mi |
n |
| see |
boy |
OBJ: |
frog |
| A lad sees the frog. |
| Virevkeith |
sarn |
n'o. |
| virev |
-k- |
-eith |
sarn |
ne |
no |
| vɪˈɹɛv |
k |
eθ |
sɑɹn |
nɛ |
no |
| v |
part |
prsn |
n |
mi |
n |
| catch |
unable |
acq ring |
boy |
OBJ: |
it |
| The lad cannot catch it. |
| Jhor'chifilei |
t'vae |
badhae; |
kén |
chifilei |
ne |
nagá. |
| jhor- |
chifilei |
te |
vae |
badhae |
kénillev |
chifilei |
ne |
nagá |
| ʒoɹ |
t͡ʃɪˈfɪle |
tɛ |
ve |
bɑˈðe |
ˈkɛnɪlɛv |
t͡ʃɪˈfɪle |
nɛ |
nɑˈɡɑ |
| cop |
n |
conj |
adv |
n |
v |
n |
mi |
n |
| EQUIV: |
housecat |
and |
WHERE: |
mat |
see |
housecat |
OBJ: |
rat |
| A cat is on the mat; the cat sees a rat. |
| Jhor'hhe |
so'An |
t'vae |
isireyi. |
| jhor- |
hhe |
so- |
An |
te |
vae |
isireyi |
| ʒoɹ |
hə̆ˈhɛ |
so |
ɑn |
tɛ |
ve |
ɪsɪˈɹɛjɪ |
| cop |
n |
poss |
prop |
conj |
adv |
n |
| EQUIV: |
fan |
POSS: |
Ann |
and |
WHERE: |
stand |
| Ann's fan is on the stand. |
| Sirev |
carnen |
ne |
eyoren. |
| sirev |
carnen |
ne |
eyoren |
| sɪˈɹɛv |
ˈcɑɹnɛn |
nɛ |
ɛˈjoɹɛn |
| v |
n |
mi |
n |
| have |
man |
OBJ: |
source |
| The man has a lamp. |
| Pas |
gyarov |
dajh |
vel'carnen. |
| pas |
gyarov |
dajh |
vel |
carnen |
| pɑs |
ɡjɑˈɹov |
dɑʒ |
vɛl |
ˈcɑɹnɛn |
| tns |
v |
n |
adv |
n |
| PST |
run |
dog |
TOWARD: |
man |
| A dog ran at the man. |
| Pas |
pithev |
An |
vel'inól. |
| pas |
pithev |
An |
vel |
inól |
| pɑs |
piˈθɛv |
ɑn |
vɛl |
ɪˈnol |
| tns |
v |
prop |
adv |
n |
| PST |
rest |
Ann |
TOWARD: |
log |
| Ann sat on a log. |